2024年Python开发必备技巧汇总

1. 列表推导式

# 传统
squares = []
for i in range(10): squares.append(i ** 2)

# 推导式
squares = [i ** 2 for i in range(10)]
evens = [i for i in range(100) if i % 2 == 0]

2. 字典推导式

reversed_dict = {v: k for k, v in original.items()}
data = dict(zip(["name","age"], ["张三", 30]))

3. f-string格式化

name = "World"
print(f"Hello {name}!")
price = 19.99
print(f"价格: ¥{price:.2f}")

4. 海象运算符 :=

while (line := input()) != "quit":
    print(line)

5. 类型注解

def greet(name: str) -> str:
    return f"Hello, {name}"

6. dataclass

from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class User:
    name: str
    age: int

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